Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
Tungsten Class 3 is a tungsten-base high-density metal — a tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) — containing nominally 95% tungsten. This datasheet presents the material within the American (ASTM / AMS / UNS) standard system.
Tungsten heavy alloys are produced by powder metallurgy: pure tungsten powder is blended with a nickel-iron or nickel-copper binder, pressed and liquid-phase sintered to near-full density. ASTM B777 defines four classes distinguished by nominal tungsten content and density; This class contains about 95% tungsten and provides high density with moderate ductility, while still providing a density more than twice that of steel. Magnetic grades use an iron-bearing binder and non-magnetic grades use a copper-bearing binder. The combination of very high density, good machinability and useful mechanical strength makes the material valuable wherever a large mass must be packaged in a small volume.
Typical applications include ballast and counterweights, radiation shielding for medical and nuclear equipment, vibration-damping tool holders and boring bars, ordnance components, and aerospace balance weights.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density (nominal) | 18.0 | g/cm³ |
| Tungsten content (nominal) | 95 | wt % |
| Elastic modulus | 290 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 5.4 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 75 | W/m·K |
| Hardness | ~24–30 | HRC |
| Structure | Two-phase (W grains + binder) | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tungsten | W | 94.0 | 96.0 | Base element; provides density |
| Nickel + Iron or Nickel + Copper | Ni + Fe/Cu | Balance | — | Binder / matrix phase |
| Density (nominal) | — | 17.75 | 18.35 | Class 3 density band (g/cm³) |
Sintered condition, typical values for ASTM B777 Class 3.
| Condition | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| As-sintered | Tensile strength (UTS) | ≥620 MPa (90 ksi) |
| As-sintered | 0.2% yield strength | ≥520 MPa (75 ksi) |
| As-sintered | Elongation at break | ≥10 % |
| Worked (swaged / rolled) | Tensile strength (UTS) | up to ~960 MPa |
| — | Hardness | ~24–30 HRC |
Confirm against the mill test report. Higher-class material has greater density; cold work (swaging or rolling) raises strength.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric / general | Good | Stable in normal atmospheres |
| Aqueous (neutral) | Good | Binder phase governs behaviour |
| Oxidizing acids | Moderate | Binder may be attacked |
| Elevated temperature (air) | Limited | Tungsten oxidises above ~400 °C in air |
| Coating option | — | Plating/coating available for corrosion/abrasion |
Corrosion behaviour is dominated by the nickel-iron or nickel-copper binder phase; for aggressive service the material is often plated or coated.
A powder-metallurgy two-phase alloy; not strengthened by precipitation. Properties are set by sintering and optional working.
Stress Relief A post-sinter stress relief or hydrogen sinter-anneal is used to improve ductility and remove residual stress. Properties are otherwise developed by liquid-phase sintering and optional cold work (swaging or rolling); these alloys are not age-hardenable.
Fusion welding is not generally recommended; tungsten heavy alloys are most often joined mechanically or by brazing. The binder phase governs joinability.
| Joining Process | Applicability | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Brazing | Good | Common; silver- or nickel-based filler |
| Mechanical fastening | Good | Threaded or pinned assemblies |
| Fusion welding | Not recommended | Risk of cracking and embrittlement |
Join by brazing or mechanical means; avoid fusion welding.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Good for a refractory material; best of the four classes |
| Tooling | Carbide or CBN; rigid setups |
| Coolant | Ample coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Limited; can be swaged or rolled to raise strength |
| Machining | Preferred route to final shape; near-net sintered blanks |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace / defense | Balance and ballast weights, ordnance | High density + machinability |
| Medical / nuclear | Radiation shielding, collimators | High density + shielding |
| Tooling | Boring bars, vibration-damping holders | Density + stiffness |
| Industrial | Counterweights, governor weights | Mass in small volume |
| Product Form | ASTM Standard | AMS / Other |
|---|---|---|
| Block, bar and rod | ASTM B777 (Class 3) | AMS 7725 |
| Plate and sheet (worked) | ASTM B777 (Class 3) | — |
| Machined components | ASTM B777 (Class 3) | MIL-T-21014 (legacy) |
| Grades | Magnetic (Ni-Fe) / Non-magnetic (Ni-Cu) | — |
95% tungsten heavy alloy. ASTM B777 Class 3.
| Class | W (nominal) % | Density g/cm³ | Property Trend | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tungsten Class 1 | 90 | ~17.0 | Highest ductility / machinability | Ballast, shielding where ductility matters |
| Tungsten Class 2 | 92.5 | ~17.5 | Higher density, slightly less ductile | Counterweights, shielding |
| Tungsten Class 3 | 95 | ~18.0 | Higher density, moderate ductility | Compact ballast, ordnance |
| Tungsten Class 4 | 97 | ~18.5 | Highest density of the four | Maximum-density components |
| Pure tungsten | ~100 | ~19.3 | Maximum density, brittle | High-temperature / electronic uses |
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